2013년 5월 6일 (월) 12:30 판

주 의 보고계신 다국어인구학사전은 현재 작업 중에 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 토론부분에서 확인해주세요.

101

인구학¹은 인구의 크기와 구조² 및 성장에 대해 연구하는 과학적인 학문으로 일반적인 인구의 양적 특성에 대해 설명한다. 인구과학⁸은 경제인구학 (104-1), 사회인구학 (104-2), 유전인구학 (104-4), 역사인구학 (102-1), 산수인구학 (102-6)과 같은 다학제적 분야의 핵심으로 법,의학,역학(423-6),사회학, 심리학, 지리학, 철학분야에 영향을 미치고 있다. 통계 용어로는 모집단으로 칭하며보편적³ 특징을 가진 집단인구³와 같은 개념을 사용한다. 인구학에서 인구⁴는 특정지역에 거주하는주민⁵ 모두를 의미하지만, 때로는 그 주민의 일부-예를 들어 학령인구 (cf. 346-7), the 결혼가능인구(514-2)등을 가리키기도 한다. 그런 집단은 하위인구⁶라고 불린다. 인구는 특히101-4에서 인용한 것처럼, 그 규모⁷,즉 집단의 전체⁷를 의미한다.

• 1. 인구학, 명. - 인구학적, 형. - 인구학자, n.: 인구학의 전문가.
• 4. 인구, 명. - 이 용어는 인구문제, 인구분석, 인구연구 등 '인구학적'의 동의어로 사용될 수 있다.
• 5. 주민, 명. - 거주하다, 동.: 정해진 거주지역에 살다.

102

Certain sub-disciplines within demography have received special names reflecting their objectives or their methodology. Historical demography¹ deals with populations of the past for which written records are available. In the absence of such sources, the study of ancient populations takes the name of paleo-demography² . In descriptive demography³ the numbers, geographical distribution, structure and change of human populations are described by means of population statistics⁴ or demographic statistics⁴ . The treatment of quantitative relations among demographic phenomena in abstraction from their association with other phenomena, is called theoretical demography⁵ or pure demography⁵ ; because of its resort to various mathematical methods, in practice it is identified with mathematical demography⁶. A piece of research that applies the tools of demographic analysis (103-1) to an actual population is often called a demographic study⁷. This study can focus on the 틀:NewTextTerm or 틀:NewTextTerm, ie the population change and its indicators during a short and recent period. All the preceding disciplines place a great emphasis on the numerical aspects of the phenomena, and are sometimes referred to as formal demography⁹, when they apply only to the size and structure of the population. In contrast the broader term population studies¹⁰ also includes the treatment of relations between demographic events and social, economic or other phenomena.

103

Demographic analysis¹ is that branch of formal demography which controls for the effect of population size and structure on demographic phenomena² by isolating the effects of each demographic variable from the others, the latter of which are called 틀:NewTextTerm. It also studies the relations between demographic variables and how they interact to form population structures. A distinction is made between cohort analysis⁴ or generational analysis⁴ which focuses on a well defined cohort (cf. 117-2) followed through time, and cross-sectional analysis⁵ or period analysis⁵ which focuses on the demographic phenomena that occur during a precise time interval (such as a calendar year) among several cohorts.

• 4. Cohort analysis is a form of longitudinal analysis which deals with aggregates of persons possessing the same characteristic. Panel analysis follows the same individuals case by case.

104

The study of relations between demographic phenomena on one hand and economic and social phenomena on the other forms another branch of the subject. The terms economic demography¹ and social demography² have been used by some writers. Demography also deals with the study of population quality³. This phrase may be used with reference to all sorts of social and personal characteristics. In a slightly different sense the term primarily refers to the distribution and transmission of hereditary characteristics (910-3) which are the subject of population genetics⁴ . Human ecology⁵ is the study of the distribution and organization of communities with attention to the operation of competitive and cooperative processes and has part of its subject matter in common with demography. Fields of research and methodology are even more intertwined in the case of demography and 틀:NewTextTerm. It is also the case for biometry⁶ or biometrics⁶ and 틀:NewTextTerm which deal with the application of statistical methods to all forms of biological and medical research.

• 4. Population genetics is distinct from human genetics, which deals with the transmission of inheritable characteristics in man: population genetics includes the study of the distribution and transmission of hereditary traits in plant, animal and human populations.
• 5. Ecology, n. - ecological, adj. - ecologist, n.: a specialist in ecology.
• 6. Biometry, n. - biometrics, n. - biometric, adj. - biometrician, n.: a specialist in biometry. The terms biostatistics, n. - biostatistical, adj. - and biostatistician, n. are frequently encountered and are synonymous with the terms given for biometry.

105

마지막으로,인구이론¹이라는 연구가 있다. 이 용어는이론 인구학 (102-5)과 혼동되어 사용되면 안된다. 인구이론은 인구변화와 경제적, 사회적, 심리적 혹은 기타 요인과의 상호작용을 설명하고 예측하기 위해 고안된 것으로 순수하게 개념적인 문제를 다룬다. 인구이론은 때로 인구 변화에 영향을 미치는 인구 정책² (cf. §930)의 기초를 제공한다.

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