다국어인구학사전, 두 번째 통합본, 한국어판

주 의 보고계신 다국어인구학사전은 현재 작업 중에 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 토론부분에서 확인해주세요.

140

The average¹ or mean¹ most frequently used in demography is the arithmetic average² or arithmetic mean² which consists of the sum of a series of quantities divided by their number.. Where the term average or mean is used without further qualification the arithmetic average is generally meant. The geometric mean³ or geometric average³ is sometimes used when all observed values are positive. It is the Nth root of the product of N values. A weighted average⁴ or weighted mean⁴ is obtained when different items are given varying importance by multiplying each item by a particular weighting factor⁵ or weight⁵. The median⁶ is the value of the element which divides a set⁷ of observations into two halves. The mode⁸ is the most common or frequent value in a set of observations.

• 1. Average, n., can be used as an adjective. Mean, n., can be used as an adjective.
• 5. Weight, n. - weigh, v.
• 6. Median, n., can be used as an adjective.
• 8. Mode, n., modal, adj.

141

The dispersion¹, scatter¹, variation¹ or variability¹ of a set of observations depends on the differences² or deviations² between its elements. Here the most common measures of dispersion³ only are mentioned. The range⁴ is the difference between the largest and the smallest values of a set of elements. The interquartile range⁵ is the difference between the first and the third quartiles (142-2) and contains half the observations in the set. The semi-interquartile range⁶, also called the quartile deviation⁶, which is half the interquartile range, is often taken as a measure of dispersion. The mean deviation⁷ or average deviation⁷ is the arithmetic mean (140-2) of the positive values of the deviations of the individual items from the average, the variance⁸ is the arithmetic mean of the squares of these deviations and the standard deviation⁹ is the square root of the variance.

• 9. The common notation for the standard deviation is \u03c3

142

If a series of observations is arranged in ascending order, values which have below them a certain proportion of the observations are referred to as quantiles¹ or order statistics¹ . The median (140-6) has been previously mentioned. Other important order statistics are the quartiles², the deciles³, and the percentiles⁴ or centiles⁴, which divide the observations into four, ten and a hundred equal parts respectively.

143

A variable is continuous¹ in a given interval when it can take on an infinite number of values between any two points contained in the interval. In the opposite case it is said to be discontinuous². Where a variable can take only certain isolated values it is called a discrete³ variable.

• 1. Continuous, adj. - continuity, n.
• 2. Discontinuous, adj. - discontinuity, n.

144

The arrangement of members of a population in various categories or classes of a specified attribute or variable produces a frequency distribution¹, often called a distribution¹ for short. The ratio of the number in the individual group or cell — the absolute frequency² or class frequency² — to the total number in all groups is called the relative frequency³ in that group. In demography the terms structure⁴ and composition⁴ are often used interchangeably to describe the distribution of characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, occupation, etc. Structure is sometimes used in a more restricted sense to describe the distribution of the population according to age and sex only.

• 4. The term population distribution usually refers to its spatial distribution. However, when used with the name of the characteristic or attribute that is analyzed, the word distribution is a synonym for structure or composition. Thus one finds references to age distribution, age and sex composition, and age and sex structure.