다국어인구학사전, 두 번째 통합본, 한국어판

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210

Census operations¹ usually begin with the delimitation of census areas² and enumeration districts³. Enumeration districts in towns and cities may consist of one or several blocks⁴, a block being defined as a group of buildings around which it is possible to walk without crossing a street, or which are bounded by some obstacle, such as a railway line or a river. Most of the larger cities of several countries have been subdivided into statistical areas called census tracts⁵ which may contain one or several enumeration districts.

211

Vital events¹ may be defined as births, deaths, stillbirths, foetal deaths, marriages, adoptions, legitimations, recognitions, annulments, divorces and separations; in short all the events which have to do with an individual’s entrance into or departure from life together with changes in civil status². Records of these events are generally called vital records³, or registration records³. For legal reasons vital events have, in many countries, long been the object of vital registration⁴ or civil registration⁴. Birth registration⁵, marriage registration⁷ and death registration⁹ use special forms as birth records⁶, marriage records⁸ and death records¹⁰; these are the most common types of registration documents. The person responsible for maintaining these registers is called the registrar¹¹.

• 4. Register, n. - register, v. - registration, n.
  Civil registration systems are the descendents of parish registers (214-1) kept by the Church. A register was originally a bound book in which one or several lines were devoted to an event Today individual records often take the form of certificates. They are separate documents for each recorded vital event.

212

Vital statistics¹ or registration statistics¹ are obtained by processing the registration record or a statistical report² established at the time of registration. Tabulations by place of residence³ of the mother or of the decedent are often regarded as more useful for demographic purposes than tabulations by place of occurrence.

• 3. In many countries, the time of registration of a birth may be markedly later than the time of occurrence.

213

The registers mentioned in a preceding paragraph (cf. 211-4) are distinct from the population registers¹ of those countries which possess a system of continuous registration². In these registers every member of the population or every family may be represented by a card³, and the register is maintained⁴ or updated⁴ through information which reaches it through the local registration offices and \ through registration of any changes of residence⁵ (cf. 310-6). It is usually matched⁶ with the census results and brought up to date at regular intervals by special checks⁷.

• 3. A card file is a collection of cards. In general, a file is a collection of records arranged in convenient order.

214

Historical demography (102-1) often uses documents which precede or anticipate the development of civil registration (211-4) and nominal lists (207-3) from censuses. Parish registers¹ or parochial registers¹ contain information on the religious equivalents of vital events such as baptisms², religious marriages (503-2), and burials³. For chrisoms⁵, privately baptized infants who die at home prior to a formal church ceremony, only the burial record is available. Nominal lists contain information either on a portion of the population or more rarely on the whole population. They include the a status animarum⁶which are nominal lists of all parishioners, lists of communicants⁷ and confirmation lists⁸, as well as administrative and fiscal documents such as hearth tax lists⁹, taxation rolls¹⁰ and military conscription lists¹¹.

215

Data are extracted from parish registers with the help of several types of forms¹ or slips¹ . These include the baptism slip², marriage slip³ and burial slip⁴. The names of the subjects of record⁵ (i.e. the persons being baptized, buried or getting married) are inscribed on these slips, and information is recorded about the parents and other persons such as the godfather⁶, the godmother⁷ and the witnesses⁸. Other transcription forms¹¹ are also used for summary extraction of the data, either with or without the names of the subjects. Family re-constitution (638-2) makes use of family reconstitution forms (638-1). When genealogies¹² reconstitute the descendance of an individual or a family, they are under certain conditions a valuable source of information on the demographic characteristics of the upper classes.