2013년 8월 5일 (월) 08:59 판

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410

생후 1년 미만 아이의 사망을 유아 사망(infant mortality)¹이라 한다. 생후 4주(28일), 이른바 신생아기³에 사망한 것을 신생아 사망², 생후 1주 미만인 아이의 사망을 조기 신생아 사망⁴이라 부른다. 첫돌 전 사망(post-neonatal mortality)⁵ 이라는 용어는 신생아기 이후, 1 년 미만의 기간 동안 사망한 것을 가리킨다.

• 3. 일부 통계에서는 신생아 기간은 생후 1 개월로 정의되어있다. 신생아(early infancy)라는 용어는 "신생아의 질병(diseases of early infancy)"의 예와 같이 신생아 기간과 거의 동일하게 사용된다.

411

The expression foetal mortality¹ is used for deaths prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception (602-6) irrespective of the duration of pregnancy (603-3). The terms intra-uterine mortality¹ or mortality in utero¹ may also be used. The corresponding deaths are called foetal deaths² or intra-uterine deaths². Early foetal mortality³ occurs before the twentieth week of gestational life, while intermediate foetal mortality⁴ occurs between the twentieth and the 28th week of gestation. After the twenty-eighth week, one refers to late foetal mortality⁵ and the product is called a late foetal death⁵ or, popularly, a stillbirth⁵. Perinatal mortality⁶ includes late foetal mortality and a portion of infant mortality that may include either early neo-natal deaths, or all neo-natal deaths.

• 1. Foetal - also spelled fetal.
• 2. Also designated as pregnancy wastage. These terms include abortions (603-5), miscarriages (604-1) and stillbirths.
• 3. Early foetal deaths are also popularly known as miscarriages.
• 5. Stillbirth, n. - stillborn, adj. In certain countries, including France, children born alive who died before registration may be legally included among the stillborn, and are called false stillbirths.
• 6. The corresponding deaths are called perinatal deaths.

412

The ratios of deaths under one year of age¹, of deaths of less than 28 days, and of deaths of less than one week, occurring in a year, to the number of live births of the same year give respectively the infant mortality rate², the neo-natal mortality rate³ and the early neo-natal mortality rate⁴. These rates are generally expressed per one thousand live births. When deaths are cross-classified by age and year of birth, it is possible to divide the deaths under one year by the births in the two cohorts to which they belong. The resulting index is an adjusted infant mortality rate⁵ equivalent to a probability of dying before age one⁵. In the absence of such information separation factors⁶ may be estimated, which divide infant deaths into those occurring to infants born in the current calendar year and to infants born in the previous calendar year.

413

The proportion of late foetal deaths (411-5) among all births is called a late foetal mortality rate¹. The ratio of late foetal deaths to live births (601-4) is called a late foetal mortality ratio². A foetal mortality rate³ represents the number of known intra-uterine deaths per one thousand births in the same year while the foetal mortality ratio⁴ is the ratio of intra-uterine deaths to live births in a given year. These indices greatly understate intra-uterine mortality since early intra-uterine deaths frequently remain unobserved or unknown. A better measurement of intra-uterine mortality is provided by intra-uterine mortality tables⁵, a specialized application of the life table (cf. 432) which takes into account the duration of gestation. The perinatal mortality rate⁶ relates perinatal deaths (411-6*) to the sum of late foetal deaths and live births.

• 1. Also called stillbirth rate. This usage is not recommended.
• 2. Also called stillbirth ratio. This usage is not recommended.
• 6. The perinatal mortality ratio relates perinatal deaths to live births only.

414

In the study of age-specific mortality¹, the terms infant mortality (410-2) and neo-natal mortality (410-3) refer to generally accepted time periods. The usage of such terms as child mortality², adult mortality⁴ or mortality of old age⁵ is not uniform. Post-infantile child death rate⁶ sometimes refers to the death rate between one and 4 years of age.

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